Of the uterine cervix is a link with the outside world. Vagina with the cervix, called the mucosa is covered with a kind of tissue. This tissue is just tissue covering the inside of our mouths. 5 consists of microscopic layers of cervical mucous. Each time new cells are made in these layers and the outermost layer of the lower layers by pouring the cells rises upward. This upward growth and atypical changes in cells during the migration can be. This is called dysplasia. There is another type of cell to turn into cells displaying atypia is the name of the metaplasia. Metaplasia and dysplasia in the future when a table is normally seen in an abnormal condition that could turn into cancer.
The vagina and cervix, both of which consists of epithelial cells, these epithelial cells are different from each other. Secretory cells capable of making the cervical glandular epithelial cells, called squamous cells, whereas the vagina occurred. This group of two cells in the cervix area is called the transformation zone of biribiri in with the neighborhood. Almost all cervical cancers in this region began to investigate the structure of cells is extremely important for the transformation in the field.
Smear taking is an extremely simple method and it certainly does not cause pain. Gynecologic examination of the cervix during vaginal speculum is then inserted. Olunduktan sure that there is any bleeding after the cervix through the vagina with a plastic spatula or brush are collected cells are shed. Also the brush extends into the uterus through the canal (endocervical canal) alınır.Yani swab smear test a sample of cells collected in two places: the endocervical canal and the vagina.
Received material is spread on a slide and immediately placed into a container filled with alcohol. On the mucus secretions of infected people away from the brush for the review is easy and healthy. After spreading the material flat in a different way as we know hair spray from a distance of 30 centimeters sıkmaktır. In both cases, the purpose of cells is fixed on the lam. However, a commercially available spray alcohol content varies quite a lot to challenge medical preparations are preferred to fixed directly in alcohol. Made immediately after sample fixation and drying leads to the deterioration of cellular shapes. This can cause errors in the evaluation.
New diagnostic tests
The sensitivity of Pap testing is not 100%. Obtain sufficient yield of screening tests and to minimize the rate of false-negative results seen are continuing the search for new technology. The most recent method developed in this field of liquid-based thin smears. Thin-Prep, and now we also used this technique, called the sample directly into a bottle containing alcohol tamponlamış rather than spread over a total mix. The obtained cell suspension through a special filter system, blood, mucus and dead cells are separated and the remaining cells are spread on the lam. Maskelenmeyen by other cells in this way, cervical cells can be examined more easily. Thin-Prep smears in the presence of bleeding in case of necessity although not an ideal technique alınabilir.Thin-Prep smear tests taken from 4% false negative rate. Another new technology is also related to smear automation. Prepared slide is placed under the microscope, called PAPNET method and buy a computer image. 128 The most common abnormality is recognized by the computer and the sample is examined manually. Classical methods are considered to be negative by PAPNET testing and re-examine the case when 10% of low-grade SIL or a more advanced lesions were detected. Thin-Prep and PAPNET both methods approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, despite the high cost of implementation because it is not recommended for routine PAPNET'in.
Review
Received, which is taken to be sent to laboratory prepared cytology preparation. The point to be getting the most attention to smear the cervix and vagina canal that connects the uterine cavity is to separate sample.
Cytologist reviewing preparation requires some information about a patient. These
The age of the patient
Last menstrual period
Whether or not pregnancy
Is using hormonal drugs
Intrauterine device (coil) is using
Gynecologist for what purpose you want to smear (clinical diagnosis).
This information facilitates the diagnosis of pathology experts and will help to decide more easily in case of doubt. Prepratı pathologist from him a number of passes processed with chemicals (paints), and puts the diagnosis by examining under the light microscope. Smear results may take up to 24-48 hours taken.
Who should be screened
Cervical cancer and Pap testing is one of the common cancers and diseases associated with high rate of deaths decreased by saptandığına anyone with a cervix that all women should be screened.
How old should start scanning, and who has been involved with issues of how often the screening process is to be proper and more or less consensus on this issue is provided.
According to the type of lesion and pathologic findings were detected more frequently in the form of treatment in patients with non-scan yapılabilmekle pathology with the PAP smear once a year is sufficient. Some groups carry a high risk in patients with proposing a test to be held every 2-3 years in our opinion is that the test is repeated once a year. The critical point in the past 35 years to begin scanning edilmekteyken as age 35 in 1988, the American Cancer Society is not based on sexual life, the time begins to get stressed.
Smear may be pregnant?
Ideally, the decision to get pregnant when given to a general examination and smear test at this stage but it is not possible yaptırmaktır the control of the first pregnancy, your doctor will ask you the latest smear yaptırdığınızı when your testing. Meanwhile, the elapsed time is longer than you will smear your testing. There is no problem of making Pap smears during pregnancy.
What's visibly
Cervico vaginal smear preparations were prepared in the patient's cellular level, hormonal status and microbiological status evaluated. Elements in the cervical and vaginal cells in smear preparations, bacteria, trikomanonas, vaginal candidiasis, such as infectious agents, blood components and can be found in sperm. Cervical and vaginal cancer precursor lesions of cancer and information about the structure of cells, while the number of these cell types reflects the hormonal condition. Therefore, images of smears taken from women of reproductive age and menopause are different from each other.
Reviews
Smear test results are classified as several different schools. The most commonly used classification of Papanicolaou. In recent years, according to this sınflamaya almost all developed countries are much more detailed classification of Papanicolaou's classification takes place in Bethesda. In our country, a concept that can be used in the laboratory and sitologlar confusion between the emerging different terminology, both the diagnosis and the result, this situation can lead to problems. We prefer the Bethesda system, whether it is enough if the sample taken is insufficient to indicate why that is advantageous due to inadequate. In addition, infection or other causes also an additional advantage in identification of benign diseases.
Papanicolaou classification
Class 1Normal, yokKlas 2Negatif atypical cells. Selim some cell changes (eg infection) 3Şüpheli Class. Mild, moderate or severe dysplasia
Definite non-cancer cells as abnormal hücreler.Klas 4Carcinoma in-situ. Class 5Kuvvetli positive cells are probably malignant. Undisputed cancer cells
Identification of abnormal cervical smears are reported frequently in the presence of neoplasm intraepitheliyal this finding is briefly described as CIN 3, Papanicolaou's classification of sub-groups of class. CIN 1 as mild, moderate CIN2, CIN 3 describes the violent dispalaziyi. According to the Bethesda classification LSIL'e CIN 1, CIN 2 and 3 is equal to the HSIL'e.
Direct microscopy examination of the factors in the occurrence of vaginitis is very helpful to the diagnosis of infection. However, as inaccurate, especially malignant, a diagnosis of trichomonas infections.
